Literature
- Hartmann-Schröder, G. 1996. Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta. Tierwelt Deutschlands, 58: 1-648.
- Imajima, M. 1991. Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan VII: The genus Spiophanes . Bulletin of the Nat. Sci. Museum Series A, 17(3): 115-137.
- Kirkegaard, J.B. 1996. Havbørsteorme II. Danmarks Fauna, 86: 1-451.